PEX26-F51L Research | Regina Ring & Yehuda Dinaii

Computational and structural analysis of a peroxisomal disease variant

July 27, 2026

Overview

Peroxisome biogenesis factor 26 (PEX26) is a tail-anchored peroxisomal membrane protein that recruits and anchors the hexameric AAA-ATPase complex PEX1โ€“PEX6 to the cytosolic face of the peroxisome. The complex uses ATP hydrolysis to retrotranslocate the import receptor PEX5 back to the cytosol, enabling repeated rounds of peroxisomal matrix protein import. In yeast, Pex15 is the functional homologue of human PEX26.

The homozygous missense variant F51L in PEX26 is associated with peroxisome biogenesis disorders on the Zellweger spectrum, and has been linked to sensorineural hearing loss. It was first described in 2019 in four siblings from an Ashkenazi Jewish family [Tanaka et al. (2019)]. To our knowledge, only six individuals worldwide are known to carry this mutation: the four siblings reported in that study, and our two daughters.

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Last updated: July 27, 2026

Key Questions

  • How does F51L alter the structure and dynamics of the PEX26 cytosolic domain?
  • Does the mutation affect recruitment or binding of the PEX1/PEX6 complex?
  • How is this related to sensorineural hearing loss?

What We Do

We use AlphaFold 3 for structure prediction and CHARMM-GUI for the peroxisome membrane to build accurate structural models of both the wild-type and the PEX26-F51L variant.

Movie 1: The PEX1/PEX6/PEX26 complex docked to the peroxisome membrane, generated by AlphaFold 3 and CHARMM-GUI. For an interactive view with Mol* explore the structure here.

We modeled the PEX1/PEX6/PEX26 double ring D1-D2 domains with a portion of PEX5 inserted in the central pore.

Movie 2: The PEX1/PEX6/PEX26 double ring D1-D2 domains with a portion of PEX5 inserted in the central pore, generated by AlphaFold 3.

We explore conformational ensembles using BioEmu.

Movie 3: Conformational ensemble of PEX26 generated by BioEmu.

We use GROMACS molecular dynamics simulations to study the effect of physical conditions such as temperature on protein behavior, and to characterize how the PEX26-F51L mutation affects peroxisome function and ultimately leads to hearing loss.

Movie 4: Molecular dynamics simulation of PEX26 in water with increasing and decreasing temperature, produced with GROMACS. For an interactive view with Mol* explore the dynamics here.

We collaborate with university laboratories specializing in peroxisome biology and genetic hearing loss. We have contributed patient-derived fibroblasts to these collaborations and have a mouse model of the mutation.

Our long-term goal is to advance a therapeutic pathway for this condition. We hope that our work will also contribute to the broader understanding of more severe peroxisomal diseases on the Zellweger spectrum.

Status

Work in progress โ€” structural models and ensemble analysis ongoing.